Visualization

In order to focus on the effects of the bypass geometry, all experiments were carried out under the same flow conditions

The character of complex vortex structures created in the area between the heel and occluded section is dependent on the flow parameters. We can identify two vortices in the symmetry plane, as illustrated in the following figures:

 

 

Both types of analysis, experimental and numerical simulation indicated that bypass anastomosis is characterized by abnormal flow conditions. The abnormal flow field is characterized by flow separation at the toe, strong flow impact on the host artery floor and flow oscillation at the heel.